车轮多边形磨耗统计规律及关键影响因素分析

针对列车车轮多边形磨耗问题广泛存在于轨道交通运输领域,会导致车辆/轨道系统产生高频的振动冲击,严重影响车辆和轨道系统零部件的使用寿命,危及行车安全这一问题,调查了大量车轮的多边形磨耗情况并进行统计分析,掌握了高速列车车轮多边形磨耗问题的现状和特点。以18～20阶多边形磨耗车辆为例,通过理论研究和试验分析(试验分析包括车辆系统振动特性测试和转向架模态特性测试),对车轮多边形磨耗的根本原因及诱导因素进行研究。研究发现,轮轨系统在580 Hz频率附近存在固有模态是导致车辆发生18～20阶多边形磨耗的根本原因,轮轨表面的各种不平顺能激发或者加剧轮轨系统在580 Hz频率附近的模态共振,从而诱发车轮多边形磨耗的产生。该结果可为高速列车车轮多边形磨耗问题的防止和进一步研究提供参考。     

基于直剪试验的页岩水化作用的强度弱化规律

随着页岩气资源的不断开发,水平井段的硬脆性页岩井壁失稳问题也越来越突出。为此,通过对水基、油基钻井液浸泡后的页岩岩样直剪试验,并结合单组弱面强度理论,分析了内聚力和内摩擦角对页岩强度的影响规律以及不同钻井液浸泡后的页岩强度弱化规律。对试验数据的分析结果表明:①水基、油基钻井液浸泡后内聚力和内摩擦角均下降,其垂直层理面方向的内摩擦角和内聚力均高于平行层理面方向;②页岩强度随钻井液浸泡时长增加而降低,受水化作用影响层理面导致强度降低,微裂缝表现为更易扩展,页岩容易产生破坏;③内聚力控制页岩强度大小,内摩擦角控制页岩沿弱面破坏的范围;④水基钻井液对页岩影响较为明显,页岩受其浸泡后强度下降较快,并随浸泡时间增加页岩强度持续下降,同时沿弱面破坏的角度限明显增大,油基钻井液能较好地保持岩样强度水平。最后,以四川盆地志留系龙马溪组M气藏为例,通过水平井段坍塌压力的计算,认识到水基钻井液基本不能满足钻井要求,而应采用油基钻井液且优先考虑沿最小水平地应力方向钻进。     

Theoretical study of a thermoelectric-assisted vapor compression cycle for air-source heat pump applications

This paper proposes a thermoelectric-assisted vapor compression cycle (TVCC) for applications in air-source heat pump systems which could enhance the heating capacity of the system. Performances of TVCC are calculated and then compared with that of basic vapor compression cycle (BVCC). The simulation results show that when coefficients of performance (COPs) of the two cycles are almost equal, the TVCC under maximum COP condition of the thermoelectric modules still performs better than BVCC by 13.0% in heating capacity through selecting the appropriate intermediate temperature. In addition, the TVCC can also achieve an improvement of 16.4%–21.7% in both the heating COP and capacity when compared with the BVCC with an assistant electric heater that is provided with the equivalent power input of thermoelectric heat exchanger. Thus, the TVCC could be beneficial to the applications in small heat pumps if there is always need for auxiliary electric heat.     

反应釜夹套多介质智能切换控制系统设计

为了解决反应釜夹套内多种介质切换时易因操作失误引起介质混乱的问题,提出了反应釜夹套多介质智能切换控制方案。在生产过程中进行升/降温操作时,程序通过介质标识位自动识别夹套内的当前介质,并通过压空操作时间标准判断夹套压空终点,可以自动完成介质压空及切换等操作。实际应用表明:该方案提高了夹套介质切换的可靠性。     

Numerical analysis of the peel test for characterisation of interfacial debonding in laminated glass

Laminated safety glass is widely used in construction and as automotive windshield. When the glass plies break under dynamic loading, the adhesion between the glass plies and the interlayer is key to achieving the required safety performance. However, direct measurement of the interfacial adhesive properties is not possible with the existing test methods. In corresponding calculations, material behaviour is often simplified, which leads to inaccurate results. In this article, a finite element model for the 90° peel testing of laminated glass is studied. Hydrogen bonding at the interface between poly-vinyl butyral (PVB) interlayer and glass is represented in the model by a cohesive zone. It is seen that the experimentally measured peel force can successfully be matched by the simulations, but several combinations of variables can give the same result. Therefore, a parameter study is performed to establish the influence of each variable. It is found that the peel arm, consisting of the PVB and an aluminium backing foil, cannot be regarded as a thin film. Furthermore, the exact shape of the traction-separation law governing the cohesive zone has negligible influence on the simulation results, whereas the combination of interfacial strength and fracture energy fully characterises the delamination. The simulation results show that small-strain material behaviour can no longer be assumed for the PVB material in the vicinity of the crack tip.     

基于C#的飞机疲劳试验实时预警系统设计

为满足飞机疲劳试验对试验数据实时监控的需求,采用C#语言开发了一套飞机疲劳试验实时预警系统。该系统以疲劳试验数据管理系统为基础,计算各测量点、各工况的平均值和标准差,通过多种方法设定预警阈值。该系统界面友好、功能完备,可实现疲劳试验数据的实时监控,能够及时发现异常试验数据,尽早发现结构损伤并采取有效措施,可以大幅降低维修成本、缩短维修周期。     

牵引逆变器IGBT风冷散热试验及仿真平台搭建

IGBT散热性能是影响高速动车组在行驶过程中安全性、可靠性及动力性的重要因素。本文以某出口铰接车牵引变流器箱为试验研究载体,研制了专用风冷散热试验台;同时运用仿真软件Flotherm进行了仿真计算,通过实物试验与仿真计算的对比研究,验证了仿真计算的可行性。     

Three stage creep behavior of MgO containing ordinary refractories in tension and compression

In service tensile and compressive stresses occur in refractory linings, these stresses lead to creep of refractories. Ordinary refractories experience creep of the primary stage and may further proceed to the secondary and tertiary creep stage. For the development of advanced material models for finite element simulations it is necessary to investigate the creep behavior in all three creep stages under tensile and compressive loads. Hence, two advanced high temperature uniaxial creep testing devices, applying a wide range of tensile and compressive loads, were used to determine the three creep stages in a reasonable time under service related loading conditions. The Norton–Bailey creep equations and an inverse identification procedure were applied for the evaluation of the experimental results. A magnesia refractory was studied at elevated temperatures and its respective creep parameters for each stage were determined. The stress dependency on the creep behavior can be seen clearly on the creep curves and the corresponding creep parameters. Furthermore, a comparative study of creep parameters and creep rates was performed between the magnesia refractory and a magnesia-chromite refractory. The results demonstrate the significant asymmetrical creep behavior in tension and compression for both materials. The creep investigation in this paper favors the requirement for consideration of the three stage creep behavior and the asymmetrical creep behavior in thermomechanical modelling activities of industrial vessels.     

A comparison of visual ability and its importance awareness between novice and experienced drivers

The visual ability factors of peripheral perception, visual reaction and visual pursuit ability are important for safe driving. Thus, this study explored the influence of driving experience on these visual ability factors. Sixty-five drivers, including novice and experienced drivers, participated in this study. The visual ability levels of the three factors were measured by the Vienna Test System. In addition, driver's awareness of the three factors' importance for safe driving was measured by questionnaire items. Results showed that out of the three factors, drivers' peripheral perception ability was correlated significantly with their driving experience. Experienced drivers had higher peripheral perception ability than that of novice drivers. In addition, compared with novice drivers, experienced drivers believed that peripheral perception was more important whereas visual reaction was less important. It is suggested that higher attention should be paid to peripheral perception in driving training and novice drivers should increase their importance awareness for this factor.